Cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, is a congenital malformation. Generally, facial clefting results when medial, lateral, and maxillary nasal processes on either left, right or both sides of the forming craniofacial complex do not fuse completely.
Early embryonic changes (during the fourth and tenth weeks of gestation) may result in clefting.
Suspected causes include:
1) environmental insults (i.e. maternal diseases, chemotherapy, radiation, alcohol, excess retinoic acid and anticonvulsant medications); or
2) genetic factors.
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